3271/Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing
US businesses, employees and payroll, 2017 to 2023
36K
employees, 2023
36K
employees, 2023
In 2023, 1,036 US Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing business locations employed 35,582 people and paid $2.1 billion in annual payroll, $59,607 per employee on average. Employment was down 0.6% from 2022. Texas had the most employees.
Updated Oct 9, 2026 · data year 2023
Business locations
1,036
+0.5% vs 2022
Employees
35,582
-0.6% vs 2022
Annual payroll
$2.1B
+3.9% vs 2022
Average pay
$59,607
+4.6% vs 2022
Over the years
United States, 2017 to 2023
Employees
Paid employees in mid-March
Business locations
Places with paid employees
By state
Employees of Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing in each state, 2023
Employees by state
States with the most employees
Employees and the share of all the state's jobs
| State | Business locations | Employees | Average pay | Share of state jobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | 59 | 4,341 | $50,973 | 0.04% |
| Ohio | 85 | 4,173 | $62,877 | 0.08% |
| Pennsylvania | 72 | 2,451 | $64,237 | 0.04% |
| Tennessee | 30 | 2,262 | $60,052 | 0.08% |
| California | 114 | 2,036 | $57,988 | 0.01% |
| Colorado | 28 | 1,610 | $69,501 | 0.06% |
| North Carolina | 51 | 1,529 | $51,421 | 0.04% |
| New York | 44 | 1,462 | $70,347 | 0.02% |
| Georgia | 34 | 1,392 | $62,059 | 0.03% |
| Alabama | 21 | 1,267 | $63,581 | 0.07% |
| South Carolina | 13 | 1,100 | $46,295 | 0.05% |
| Oklahoma | 13 | 1,031* | $48,252 | 0.07% |
| Kentucky | 15 | 1,010 | $57,490 | 0.06% |
| Indiana | 30 | 796 | $69,824 | 0.03% |
| Massachusetts | 21 | 780 | $74,569 | 0.02% |
The 15 states with the most employees. Download the CSV for all 44.
Top metro areas
Metro and micro areas with the most Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing employees, 2023
Metro areas with the most employees
| Metro area | Locations | Employees | Average pay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | 16 | 1,529 | $48,662 |
| Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO | 15 | 1,173* | $79,530 |
| Columbus, OH | 12 | 993 | $63,893 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 37 | 947 | $62,417 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | 32 | 826 | $88,674 |
| Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN | 7 | 676 | $55,975 |
| Cleveland, OH | 12 | 660 | $79,374 |
| Birmingham, AL | 11 | 639 | $69,019 |
| Crossville, TN | 3 | 639 | $59,700 |
| Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC | 10 | 573 | $51,396 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 11 | 542 | $54,705 |
| Clarksville, TN-KY | 3 | 516 | $67,647 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 16 | 499* | $55,182 |
| New Philadelphia-Dover, OH | 9 | 433* | $44,169 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | 24 | 421* | $74,736 |
Business size
US Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing business locations by number of employees, 2023
Locations by size
| Employees | Locations | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Under 5 | 394 | 38.1% |
| 5 to 9 | 159 | 15.4% |
| 10 to 19 | 130 | 12.6% |
| 20 to 49 | 148 | 14.3% |
| 50 to 99 | 119 | 11.5% |
| 100 to 249 | 62 | 6.0% |
| 250 to 499 | 20 | 1.9% |
| 500 to 999 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 1,000 or more | Not published | - |
Related industries
Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing and the 2 industries directly below it
Part of Manufacturing 31-33Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 327
| Code | Industry | Employees | Average pay |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32712 | Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing | 23,500 | $62,594 |
| 32711 | Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing | 12,082 | $53,796 |
Questions and answers
How many people work in Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing in the US?
35,582 people worked at 1,036 US Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing business locations in 2023, down 0.6% from 2022. That is 0.03% of all US private-sector employees.
What is the average pay in Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing?
$59,607 a year per employee in 2023, from $2.1 billion in annual payroll (up 4.6% from 2022). The average across all US industries was $68,342.
Which state has the most Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing jobs?
Texas had the most, with 4,341 employees in 2023, followed by Ohio (4,173) and Pennsylvania (2,451).
Which metro areas have the most Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing jobs?
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (1,529), Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO (1,173), Columbus, OH (993) had the most Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing employees in 2023.
Are most Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing businesses small?
66.0% of the 1,035 Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing business locations had fewer than 20 employees in 2023, and 3 had 500 or more.
Official US government statistics, published once a year. Business locations are places with paid employees; employees are counted in mid-March; payroll covers the whole year. Covers most private employers, not the self-employed, most government workers or farm workers on farms. * Less accurate: changed by 5% or more to protect privacy. Changes from the year before are shown only when both years use the same edition of the industry codes.